Percutaneous gateway, a fixing system for a prosthesis, a fixture and connecting means for signal transmission

ABSTRACT

A percutaneous gateway is provided for permanently transmission between inside of a body and outside of the body, comprising an implant ( 10 ) adapted to be at least partly anchored in a bone ( 1 ). The implant ( 10 ) has a transmission means ( 30 ) that allows a long-term stable communication through a transmitting device ( 20 ) adapted to extend from an implantable component ( 90 ) through the bone ( 80 ) to a device ( 91 ) at the outer end ( 3 ) of the percutaneous gateway.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an apparatus, especially for attachinga prosthesis to a human body, as defined in the preamble of the attachedclaim 1.

Further, the present disclosure generally refers to a percutaneousgateway for transmitting signals between an inside of a body and anoutside of the body.

Furthermore, the present disclosure refers to a fixing system being apart of the percutaneous gateway for anchoring, communicating or/andcontrolling a prosthesis in a bone of, e.g., a limb.

Furthermore, the present disclosure refers to a fixture which may beassociated to a fixing system for anchoring a bone anchored roboticprosthesis.

In addition, the present disclosure refers to in-line connectors forconnecting different parts of a transmitting device for transmitting theelectrode signals in a fixing system of the type mentioned above.

Finally, the present disclosure refers to a method for implanting afixing system.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Ever since the use of implantable devices, its permanent access has beenan issue. There are several problems from sending or retrieving data tohow to power such devices. For instance, a surgery to replace batteriesfrom neuro-prostheses or pacemakers would be avoided if directconnection to the devices would be possible. Different component such aselectrodes, biosensors or more complex electronic devices to measuredifferent biological parameters would benefit from a direct connectionto out of the body devices such as stimulators, recorders, roboticprosthesis, etc. A stimulator could be used from outside to body forpain treatment by sending electric impulses to implanted electrodes ifsuch link would be safe and permanently available.

A Human-Machine-Gateway (HMG) is, for example, required for achieving anatural control of a robotic prosthesis. “Natural” herein is referred toas produce control in the same way that an intact physiological system.This means coordinated and simultaneous movements of different degreesof freedom. Furthermore, “natural” also implies that the input signalsmust come from muscles that originally are meant to produce the intendedmovement or/and from nerves that controlled those muscles. Finemovements performed by actuators in the robotic prosthesis require along-term stable and defined connection to the human body that providesinput control signals.

Accordingly, a bone anchored robotic prosthesis may be fixed on anamputation stump of a limb by an implant (fixture) which is implanted ina bone inside the stump. Accordingly, bone anchored prosthesis areattached directly to the bone and not attached to the body via the skinof the stump.

The fixture may preferably be implanted into the bone based on theprinciple of osseointegration. Osseointegration implies direct contactbetween the fixture and the bone. That means the fixture as theanchoring element is surgically inserted into the bone of the amputationstump. After approximately six months a skin penetrating connectioncomponent (abutment) is attached to the fixture. Then, the patient'sprosthesis is attached to the outer part of the abutment.

For a natural control of the bone anchored robotic prosthesis severalfurther components are required. For example, input and output signalsmay be generated and transmitted to actuators and from sensors in therobotic prosthesis and to electrodes inside the limb. The required nerveand/or muscle signals as the control input are detected by biosensors,for example, nerve electrodes or muscle electrodes, and transmitted to acontrol circuit or amplifier located inside the robotic prosthesis orthe limb itself Furthermore, signals from the robotic prosthesis areprocessed in a control circuit and feedback to the patient. Therefore,the user of such a robotic prosthesis may naturally control theactuators provided in the robotic prosthesis in accordance to thesignals detected in the electrodes and used the feedback sent from theprosthesis for a close loop control.

The lack of good algorithm and control systems were once the principalissues for accomplishing a complex prostheses control. Nowadays severalresearches have shown that it is possible to identify fingers and handpositions using different pattern recognition algorithms such asartificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector machines (SVM), hiddenmarkov models (HMM), wavelets, etc. Manipulation of different deviceslike robotic arms using myoelectric signals as information source andSMV as control algorithm has been proved as a feasible technology aswell. However, these examples and all known experiments have beenshort-term implementations.

Now that pattern recognition algorithms and hardware for a real timecontrol are available, the major issue is the long-term stability of thebiosignals. The stability is heavily related on how the biosignals areacquired which brings in other two major problems. The first one is theamount of signals that are possible to retrieve due the physicallimitations. The second problem is related to how natural it would befor the patient to produce signals for a given propose.

The following are some of the issues in a practical implementation of aprosthetic control based in pattern recognition algorithms. Theseproblems are mostly attributed to the surface electrodes.

-   -   Electrodes cannot remain placed indefinitely due to skin related        issues.    -   Electrodes cannot be placed consistently in the same spot after        removing the prosthesis.    -   A different placement of the electrode will required a        retraining of the control system.    -   The signal changes dramatically with the environmental        conditions, i.e. sweating.    -   Artefacts are very easily generated due to limb movement and        electrode liftoff.    -   A patient needs to have a minimum level of myoelectric signals        to become a candidate for using a myoelectric prosthesis. This        is not always the case depending on the amputation level and the        muscle surface left for the electrodes placement.    -   A wide limb surface area needs to be covered to have enough        control signals.    -   Muscle imbalance could be created if the electrodes are wrongly        placed resulting in muscles being more exercised than others. In        the long run, this will cause that the big muscle's signal masks        the other one. Muscle imbalance can also cause prosthesis socket        instability.    -   Clinical studies have shown that acceptance of prostheses is        difficult to achieve, especially the myoelectric type where        there are more possibilities of failure.    -   Lack of feedback to the patient.    -   Unnatural control. The same group of muscles control different        units in a sequential manner instead of individual muscles        controlling specific actions simultaneously.

EP 0 595 782 B1 discloses an anchoring element (fixture) for supportinga prosthesis, said anchoring element having essentially the form a screwand being arranged for a connection by its outer end portion to saidprosthesis and by its opposite inner end portion to be inserted andanchored in bone tissue.

WO 03/000161 A1 discloses a system of implantable sensor/stimulationdevices that is configured to communicate with a prosthetic device,e.g., an artificial limb, via a wireless communication link, preferablybidirectional. By communicating between the implantable devices coupledto neural pathways within a human and motor/sensor interfaces in theprosthetic device, a machine and a human/machine interface isestablished to replace an absent limb.

GB 2 445 869 A discloses a percutaneous prosthetic device comprising atleast one soft tissue fixture adapted to be fixed to themusculotendinous soft tissue of a residual limb and a percutaneousanchor for an external prosthesis that is fixedly coupled directly orindirectly, to the bone of the residual limb in use, the percutaneousanchor having a percutaneous sleeve component. Furthermore, the devicecomprises at least one transmission means allowing transmission of oneor more signals between the soft tissue fixture and external prostheses.The transmission means is guided outside the bone through thepercutaneous anchor to the external prosthesis. The signal or signalsrelate to contraction and/or relaxation of muscle in the residual limband do not consider signals form nerves. Preferably the transmissionmeans comprises a connecting means connecting the soft tissue fixtureand an external prosthesis in use. The connecting means may comprise amechanical or an electrical connector. Preferably the connecting meanscomprises a seal connection within the percutaneous component to providean effective barrier between the internal and external environment.

CN 1545988 discloses a method for controlling a prosthesis by means ofbiological electrical signals in human bodies. Accordingly, an upper endof an implantation member is inserted into a remnant bone of anamputee's stump. The implantation member comprises a hole located in aportion of the implantation member being not implanted into the bone,the hole comprising an inner end exiting into the soft tissue.Afterwards, the steps of connecting the lower projecting member with aartificial limb, implanting the electrodes into the nerve-tract ormuscle hank in the soft tissue, leading the contact conductor to theexternal signal conditioning device through the through-hole of the notimplanted portion of the implantation member, carrying out magnificationand filtration to the signal collected by the electrodes, mapping thesignal into the control message for artificial limb motion, the controlsignal feeding to the motor to drive the artificial limb, are performed.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,034,295 discloses an implantable device, such as afemoral head prostheses, with a body of biocompatible material shaped tosuit its medical function, which forms in internal cavity and has openapertures that lead from the cavity to the outside. The cavity serves toreceive biological material into which the tissue that surrounds theimplanted device is intended to grove through the apertures. The deviceis provided with at least two electrodes, at least one of which islocated in the cavities based apart from the inside of the body thatforms the cavity. The electrodes are provided with an arrangement forsupplying a low frequency alternating voltage, so that by means of thesupplied voltage a low frequency electrical alternating field and a lowfrequency alternating current, whereby the tissue grow is promoted, arecreated inside the cavity.

FR2802083 discloses an implantable device to anchor natural orprosthetic ligaments. It is a fully implanted device with an insidecavity to secure the prosthetic ligament. The implant is used to keepthe graft in place and it is especially designed for the kneearticulation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide an improved signaltransfer or communication between one or a plurality of implantablecomponents or devices, such as biosensors, e.g. electrodes, glucosemeasuring devices, or stimulating devices etc, and one or a plurality ofexternal devices, such as a robotic prosthesis for controlling therobotic prosthesis or health monitoring recorders.

The above-mentioned object of the present invention is attained by anapparatus, especially for attaching a prosthesis to a human body,comprising an anchoring element for fixation in a bone tissue,especially human bone tissue, the anchoring element defining alongitudinal axis. The anchoring element comprises at least one firstthrough-hole substantially extending in the direction of thelongitudinal axis, and the anchoring element comprises first attachmentmeans for attaching the anchoring element to the bone tissue and secondattachment means for directly or indirectly attaching the anchoringelement to the prosthesis. The anchoring element comprises at least oneseat provided in the first through-hole, wherein the seat is adapted toreceive and hold a sealing device adapted to be positioned in the firstthrough-hole, the sealing device being adapted to divide the firstthrough-hole into at a first compartment and a second compartment, andwherein the sealing device is adapted to separate the first compartmentfrom the second compartment in a sealing manner. The anchoring elementmay have a first end portion and a second end portion opposite the firstend portion. The anchoring element may be elongated. Each compartmentmay be adapted to house signal transmission means. Each compartment maysubstantially extend in the direction of the longitudinal axis. Thethrough-hole may extend from a first opening to a second opening. Whenthe sealing device is positioned in the seat, the first compartment mayextend from the sealing device to the first opening, and the secondcompartment may extend from the sealing device to the second opening.

By “in a sealing manner” in this context means that the sealing deviceis adapted to seal the first and second compartments off from oneanother, such that a body fluid or bacteria cannot pass from one of thecompartment to the other.

By the present invention, body fluid from the bone or soft body tissueis prevented from reaching the exterior, and bacteria from theenvironment outside the human body is efficiently prevented fromreaching the region inside the human body where e.g. the anchoringelement is in contact with bone and soft tissue and where theimplantable components or devices are implanted, which would have beenthe case if a continuous through-hole in the anchoring element were incontact with both the interior and the exterior of the human body. Bythe present invention, bacteria or body fluid cannot pass from onecompartment to the other. By the present invention, improved signaltransmission or communication between one or a plurality of implantablecomponents or devices, such as biosensors, e.g. glucose measuringdevices, or stimulating devices etc, and a robotic prosthesis forcontrolling the robotic prosthesis is attained. By the solution of thepresent invention, a long-term stable signal transmission orcommunication is provided, which has a reduced sensitivity to internaland external stress. By the solution of the present invention, theattachment or anchorage of the anchoring element to the human bodytissue is long-term stable. Further, by the present invention, themechanical stress on the implantable electrodes, components or devicesfrom the soft tissues is minimized or reduced.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the apparatus according tothe present invention, the anchoring element has a first end portion anda second end portion opposite the first end portion, and when thesealing device is positioned in the seat the first compartment extendsfrom the sealing device in the direction towards the first end portionof the anchoring element, and the second compartment extends from thesealing device in the direction towards the second end portion of theanchoring element. However, each compartment may extend in other ways.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the apparatusaccording to the present invention, the first through-hole has an innerwall, at least a portion of the inner wall forms the seat, and thesealing device is adapted to be attached to the inner wall of the firstthrough-hole. This is an efficient way to form the seat, whereby theabove-mentioned effects are further enhanced.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the apparatus accordingto the present invention, the portion of the inner wall of thethrough-hole, which forms the seat, has at least one internal thread,the sealing device has an outer wall portion having least one externalthread, and the at least one inner thread of the seat is adapted toengage the least one outer thread of the sealing device. This is anefficient way to seal between the outer wall of the sealing device andthe inner wall of the first through-hole. However, other designs of theseat are possible, for example the seat may comprise one or a pluralityof axial grooves or projections, the seat may provide a snap function inrelation to the sealing device, the seat, e.g. in the form of a surface,may be adapted to receive an adhesive, such as glue etc.

According to still another advantageous embodiment of the apparatusaccording to the present invention, the seat is adapted to removably, ordetachably, attach the sealing device to the anchoring element. This isan efficient way to facilitate the maintenance and the installation ofthe apparatus. Alternatively, the sealing device may be permanentlyseated in the seat.

According to yet another advantageous embodiment of the apparatusaccording to the present invention, the apparatus comprises first signaltransmission connection means for connection to first signaltransmission means adapted to extend in the first compartment, whereinthe first signal transmission connection means is connectable to secondsignal transmission means adapted to extend in the second compartmentand to extend from the sealing device to second signal transmissionconnection means for connection to at least one implantable component.Each signal transmission means may comprise an electric conductor, suchas a wire or cable, an optical fibre, a magnetic link, a mechanicalcommunication link etc, or a plurality thereof. The first signaltransmission connection means may comprise a connector or a maleconnector as disclosed below. The first signal transmission means maycomprise a first signal transmitting part as disclosed below. The secondsignal transmission means may comprise a second signal transmitting partas disclosed below. The second signal transmission connection means maycomprise a connector or a male connector as disclosed below. However,other suitable means are possible.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the apparatus according tothe present invention, the sealing device is adapted to separate thefirst signal transmission means from the second signal transmissionmeans in a sealing manner. By “in a sealing manner” in this contextmeans that the sealing device is adapted to seal the first and secondtransmission means off from one another, such that a body fluid orbacteria cannot pass from one of the transmission means to the other.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the apparatusaccording to the present invention, the first signal transmissionconnection means is adapted to be located in the first compartment.Hereby, the above-mentioned effects are further enhanced.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the apparatus accordingto the present invention, the first signal transmission connection meansis attachable to, attached to and/or adjoins the sealing device. Hereby,the above-mentioned effects are further enhanced.

According to still another advantageous embodiment of the apparatusaccording to the present invention, the sealing device defines alongitudinal axis and comprises at least one second through-holesubstantially extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis, andthe first signal transmission connection means is adapted to at leastpartly engage the second through-hole in a sealing manner. As the firstsignal transmission connection means engages the second through-hole, anefficient seal is provided between the inner wall of thesecond-through-hole of the sealing device and the exterior of the firstsignal transmission connection means. Additional sealing means, e.g.adhesive, e.g. glue, may also be applied to seal, or supplement theseal, between the first signal transmission connection means and thesealing device. Hereby, the above-mentioned effects are furtherenhanced.

According to yet another advantageous embodiment of the apparatusaccording to the present invention, the apparatus comprises an abutmentdefining a longitudinal axis and having a first end portion and a secondend portion opposite the first end portion, wherein the abutmentcomprises at least one third through-hole substantially extending in thedirection of the longitudinal axis, wherein the second attachment meansare adapted to attach the abutment to the anchoring element, and whereinthe abutment is mountable to the prosthesis. This is an efficient way tofacilitate the maintenance and the installation of the apparatus.Hereby, the above-mentioned effects are further enhanced. The abutmentmay be elongated.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the apparatus according tothe present invention, the third through-hole is adapted to house atleast a part of the first signal transmission means extendingtherethrough from the first signal transmission connection means to athird signal transmission connection means for connection to theprosthesis. Hereby, the above-mentioned effects are further enhanced.The third signal transmission connection means may comprise a connectoror a head connector as disclosed below. However, other suitable meansare possible.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the apparatusaccording to the present invention, the first attachment means compriseat least one external thread. Alternatively, the first attachment meansmay have other designs, and may for example comprise a rough frictionsurface etc.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the apparatus accordingto the present invention, the first attachment means are adapted forfixation in the bone tissue.

According to yet another advantageous embodiment of the apparatusaccording to the present invention, the second attachment means compriseat least one internal thread. Alternatively, the second attachment meansmay have other designs, and may for example comprise a rough frictionsurface etc.

The above-mentioned object of the present invention is also attained byan apparatus, especially for attaching a prosthesis to a human body,comprising an anchoring element for fixation in a bone tissue, theanchoring element defining a longitudinal axis. The anchoring elementcomprises at least one first through-hole substantially extending in thedirection of the longitudinal axis, and the anchoring element comprisesfirst attachment means for attaching the anchoring element to the bonetissue and second attachment means for directly or indirectly attachingthe anchoring element to the prosthesis, wherein the apparatus comprisesa sealing device adapted to be positioned in the first through-hole andto divide the first through-hole into at a first compartment and asecond compartment, and wherein the sealing device is adapted toseparate the first compartment from the second compartment in a sealingmanner. The positive technical effects of this apparatus correspond tothe effects mentioned in connection with the above-mentioned apparatus.The anchoring element may have a first end portion and a second endportion opposite the first end portion.

The above-mentioned object of the present invention is also attained bythe use of the apparatus according to any of the appended claims 1 to18, or any of the above-mentioned embodiments of the apparatus, forsupporting a prosthesis or part thereof in bone tissue.

Various examples of the different parts and features and furtheradvantages of the above-mentioned embodiments of the apparatus accordingto the present invention are disclosed below.

According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a percutaneousgateway for transmitting signals between an inside of a body and anoutside of the body may comprise an implant as a signal transmittingdevice. The implant may be adapted to be at least partly anchored in abone. Furthermore, the implant may have an implant through-hole whichmay have an inner end and an outer end. The inner end may open into thebone and the outer end may end outside the body. The signal transmittingdevice may be adapted to extend from the inner end to the outer end ofthe implant through-hole and to transmit signals between these ends.

With the percutaneous gateway according to the first aspect of thepresent invention, signals may be transmitted from implanted devices,for example, bio-sensors, nerve-based electrodes, muscle basedelectrodes to a device outside the body. Furthermore, also signals andpower may be supplied from the outside to the devices installed insidethe body. The implant allows to feed the signal transmitting devicethrough the implant directly to the sensors passing through the bone.Therefore, there is no need for an extra percutaneous passage of thesignal transmitting means. Furthermore, the implant is fixed in thebone. Accordingly, the implant is long-term stable anchored to theresidual stump. Therefore, the skin may perfectly seals around theimplant and remaining bone allowing a long-term implantation with a lowrisk of infection. In a standard percutaneous passage of wires, the skinwill not seal around the wires and there will be a constant risk ofinfection. A key feature of this invention is that the sealing interfacebetween skin and bone is not disturbed since the exit to the soft tissueis through the bone. This solution is also convenient since the leadsare protected from mechanical stress by being inside the bone for alonger distance than in the constantly moving soft tissue.

As a first exemplary embodiment, the percutaneous gateway may furthercomprise a sealing device being adapted to be inserted in the implantthrough-hole or be already embedded as part of the implant. Accordingly,the signal transmitting device may be adapted to be fixed by the sealingdevice and to be fed through the sealing device. Furthermore, thesealing device may be adapted to seal an outside of the sealing deviceto the implant through-hole and an inside of the sealing device to thesignal transmitting device. The sealing may allow preventing body fluidand bacteria from passing the sealing device if the sealing device isinserted into the implant through-hole or it is already embedded in theimplant.

Accordingly, the percutaneous gateway prevents body fluids, bacteria andsuch, from passing through the implant through-hole. That means, bodyfluids may be prevented from flowing from the inner end of the implantthrough-hole to the outer end, and bacteria may be prevented fromentering into the bone from the outer end of the first through-holebecause the sealing screw seals and closes the first through-hole.Furthermore, the transmitting device may be fixed (housed) by thesealing device in a sealed manner.

According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a fixing systemfor anchoring a robotic prosthesis on a bone of a limb may be a part ofthe percutaneous gateway. Accordingly, the implant may comprise afixture adapted to be at least partly anchored in the bone. The fixturemay include a first through-hole having the inner end located openinginto the bone. Furthermore, the through-hole may have an outer enddirected to the outer end of the implant through-hole. Furthermore, thesignal transmitting device (e.g., a cable or connector) may be adaptedto extend from the inner end to the outer end of the first through-holeand to transmit electric signals between these ends.

With the fixing system according to the second aspect of the presentinvention, a robotic prosthesis may be fixed to the bone while at thesame time signals may be transmitted between the inside of the body tothe outside of the body. Accordingly, it is possible to transmit signalsfrom implanted electrodes through the bone and the first through-hole ofthe fixture using a feedthrough connector to the outer end of thefixture.

Accordingly, the signal transmitting means may safely, long-term stableguided and fixed inside the fixture. Therefore, the fixing systemprovides fixing means (fixture) for the robotic prosthesis including apossibility for feeding through the signal transmitting means.Accordingly, the fixing system is compact and modular.

As a first exemplary embodiment, the above fixing system may furthercomprise a sealing device (e.g., a sealing screw) adapted to be insertedin the first through-hole of the fixture. Furthermore, also the sealingdevice may comprise a (second) through-hole. The signal transmittingdevice may be adapted to be fixed by the sealing device and to be fedthrough the second through-hole of the sealing device. Furthermore, thesealing device may be adapted to seal an outside of the sealing deviceto the first through-hole and an inside of the sealing device to thesignal transmitting device. Therefore, preferably body fluid andbacteria are prevented from passing the sealing device which is insertedin the first through-hole.

Accordingly, the fixing system prevents body fluids and bacteria frompassing through the through holes. That means, body fluids may beprevented from flowing from the inner end of the through hole (boneopening side) to the outer end, and bacteria may be prevented fromentering into the bone from the outer end of the first through holebecause the sealing device (screw) seals and closes the first throughhole. Furthermore, the transmitting device may be safely fixed by thesealing device.

Furthermore, the above fixing system according to the first exemplaryembodiment may further comprise an abutment fixing device (abutmentscrew). The implant may further comprise an abutment. Accordingly, theabutment fixing device may be adapted to fix the abutment in the firstthrough hole of the fixture. Furthermore, also the abutment fixingdevice may be fixed to the fixture. The abutment may comprise a (third)through-hole extending between the outer end of the implant through-holelocated outside the body and the outer end of the first through-hole ofthe fixture. That means, the third through-hole may elongate the firstthrough-hole of the fixture to the outer end of the implant. Furthermorethe abutment may be adapted to provide a connection between the roboticprosthesis and the fixture. Furthermore, the signal transmitting devicemay be adapted to be fed through the third through-hole of the abutment.Furthermore, the abutment may be a percutaneous abutment.

Accordingly, the abutment may provide a percutaneous passage of thefixing system. That means, the abutment is preferably the element of thefixing system which protrudes from the stump and serves as a fixingterminal for the robotic prosthesis but also connects the roboticprosthesis to the bone anchored fixture. The fixed abutment is a provedsolution for a long-term stable percutaneous passage.

Furthermore, the third through-hole of the abutment may provide thepassage for the signal transmitting device (cables or connector).Accordingly, an extra percutaneous passage for the transmitting devicemay be avoided completely thereby preventing a path for virus andbacteria and providing a long-term stability. The problem of thepercutaneous passage may be solved by using an abutment made of titaniumas a bone extension. Such an abutment has approved long-term stability.

Furthermore, in the above fixing system according to the first exemplaryembodiment the fixture may further comprise a first fixing section(e.g., a first female thread) and a second fixing section (e.g., asecond female thread) in the first through-hole. Furthermore, thesealing device may be adapted to be fixed in the second fixing section.The abutment fixing device may comprise a fourth through-hole.Furthermore, the abutment fixing device may be fixed in the first fixingsection of the fixture. The fixture, the abutment, the abutment fixingdevice and the sealing device may be arranged on a common axis in thelongitudinal direction. Furthermore, the signal transmitting device maybe fed through the fourth through-hole of the abutment fixing device.

Accordingly, the respective elements of the fixing system may bepositioned into each other and fixed with each other. Therefore, thefixing system may be a stable and compact system being able toaccommodate the respective transmitting device and to transmit theforces applied to the abutment (as the fixing terminal for the roboticprosthesis) into the bone.

Furthermore, in the above fixing system according to the first exemplaryembodiment the signal transmitting device may further comprise a firstsignal transmitting part and a second signal transmitting part. Thefirst signal transmitting part may have a first connector (e.g., anin-line female connector) on one end. The second signal transmittingpart may have a second connector (e.g., an in-line male connector) onone end. The first and the second connector may be adapted to beconnected with each other. The first signal transmitting part may beadapted to be located in the fourth inner hole of the abutment fixingdevice. The second signal transmitting part may be adapted to be fedthrough the sealing device and the first through-hole to the bone.Furthermore, the second signal transmitting part may be adapted to befed through a fifth through-hole in the bone from the inner end of thefirst through-hole inside the bone to an outside of the bone but insidea soft tissue of the limb.

Accordingly, for example, the abutment fixing device housing the firstsignal transmitting part may be removed or replaced without necessarilyremoving or replacing the sealing device and/or the second transmittingpart. Accordingly, the different elements of the fixing system may beremoved or replaced without removing or replacing other elements of thefixing system. Furthermore, the fixing system may be assembled easily.Therefore, a modular fixing system is provided.

Furthermore, in the above fixing system according to the first exemplaryembodiment the first signal transmitting part comprises a thirdconnector at the other end. Furthermore, also the second signaltransmitting part comprises a fourth connector at the other end. Thethird connector may be adapted to be connected to an outside device, andthe fourth connector may be adapted to be connected to an implanteddevice or sensor.

Accordingly, the fixing system allows signals to be transmitted from,for example, implanted electrodes through the bone, the fixture, thesealing device and the abutment fixing device to the control circuitryor amplifier of the robotic prosthesis. The control circuitry may alsobe implanted in the soft tissue or inside the fixture. The differenttransmitting parts may be disconnected and connected when replacing orassembling the different elements. A control circuit can be placedeither inside the limb or outside the limb. The transmission may bebidirectional, stimulation of nerves and muscles according to sensingelements in the robotic prosthesis may be considered.

Accordingly, it is ensured that the connector for the electrodes and therespective cable(s) providing the connection between the fourthconnector and the second connector may feed through the fixture.Furthermore, the shielding prevents electromagnetic interference (EMI).

Furthermore, in the above fixing system according to the first exemplaryembodiment the first connector may be a longitudinal in-line femaleconnector having contact sockets and female insulating means arranged inthe fourth through-hole of the abutment fixing device. Furthermore, thesecond connector may be a longitudinal male connector having contactelements and insulating elements adapted to protrude into the firstconnector. Accordingly, a signal transmission between the first andsecond connector may be provided by connecting the respective contactsockets with the contact elements by inserting the contact elements intothe respective contact sockets.

Accordingly, a high number of different signals may be transmitted viadifferent contacts sockets and elements arranged in a line (in-line).The connectors may allow a compact and integrated design. Accordingly,the male connector may be a connector pin and the female connector maybe a contact stack. Furthermore, the male contact elements and contactsockets may easily be connected and allow long-term stable contact.

Furthermore, alternatively to the in-line above connectors the first andsecond connectors may be connected by a parallel connection.

This may allow low manufacturing costs as parallel connection areindustrial standard products.

Furthermore, in the above fixing system according to another exemplaryembodiment the third connector may be an in-line or a circular parallelconnector, and the fourth connector may be an in-line connector or aparallel connector.

According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a fixture as ananchoring element for fixing a robotic prosthesis on bone, may comprisean inner section. The inner section may be adapted to be anchored insidethe bone. Furthermore, the fixture may comprise a through-hole extendingalong a longitudinal axis. The through-hole may have an inner endlocated in the inner section. The inner end may open into the bone. Anouter end of the through-hole may be located on the opposite end withrespect to the longitudinal axis. Furthermore, may be a fixing portionis located in the through-hole. The fixing portion may be adapted to fixthe robotic prosthesis at the fixture and to accommodate a sealingdevice. The sealing device may be adapted to seal an outside of thesealing device to the through-hole and an inside of the sealing deviceto a transmitting device such that body fluid and bacteria are preventedfrom passing the inserted sealing device in the first through-hole.

The fixture (anchoring element) may used in the fixing system accordingto the second aspect of the present disclosure. The fixture may allowfixation of a robotic prosthesis and feeding through signal transmittingmeans from inside the bone to the outside. Furthermore, the fixingportion may be adapted to house the sealing device to seal and close thethrough-hole of the fixture such that body fluid and bacteria areprevented from passing the sealing device.

Furthermore, in the above fixture according to the first exemplaryembodiment, the fixing portion may be divided into a first fixingsection and a second fixing section. The first fixing section may beadapted to fix the robotic prosthesis at the fixture. The second fixingsection may be adapted to accommodate the sealing device. Preferably,the first fixing section is at least partly a first female thread havinga first inside diameter. Furthermore, the first fixing section ispreferably arranged with a third distance from the inner end in thedirection to the outer end. The second fixing section is preferably atleast partly a second female thread having a second inside diameter andbeing arranged with a second distance from the inner end of the fixturein the direction to the outer end. Preferably the third distance of thefirst fixing section to the inner end is greater than the seconddistance of the second fixing section to the inner end. Furthermore, theinside diameter of the first fixing section is preferably larger thanthe inside diameter of the second fixing section.

Accordingly, the robotic prosthesis may be fixed independently from thesealing device and the signal transmitting device in the fixture.Therefore, the different elements may be replaced independent from eachother. Furthermore, the assembling order may defined by the abovearrangement.

According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a cylindricalin-line female connector for connecting signal transmitting parts of asignal transmitting device in a fixing system for anchoring a roboticprosthesis on a bone may extend on a longitudinal axis and may beadapted for insertion of an in-line male connector. The female contactsockets may have a through-hole for inserting an in-line male connector.Furthermore, the female contact sockets may be arranged in-line on thelongitudinal axis. The insulating means may have a through-hole and maybe arranged on the longitudinal axis in-line between the female contactsockets. Furthermore, the in-line female connector may comprisetransmitting means for transmitting signals from the respective contactsockets to a first end of the in-line female connector. Furthermore, thetransmitting means may be insulated from the other female contactsockets.

Accordingly, with the in-line female connector a predetermined number ofdifferent signals may be transmitted to a corresponding in-line maleconnector, wherein the cylindrical in-line female connector has acompact design. Accordingly, the in-line female connector may be adaptedto be inserted in, for example, a longitudinal screw body.

Furthermore, the in-line female connector according to the firstexemplary embodiment may further comprise a longitudinal groove providedin the longitudinal direction on an outside surface of the contactsockets and the insulating means. Furthermore, the in-line femaleconnector may comprise an annular groove on the outside surface of eachcontact socket, respectively. In the in-line female connector, may beeach transmitting means is guided in the longitudinal groove from therespective contact socket to the first end. Furthermore, eachtransmitting means may be electrically connected to the respectivecontact socket in the annular groove.

Accordingly, the above in-line female connector may provide theadvantage that the cables for connecting the different contacts socketsmay safely guided on the surface of the in-line female connector withoutincreasing the outside diameter of the in-line female connector.Furthermore, the contact between the transmitting means and therespective contact socket may be ensured by the connection in theannular groove.

Furthermore, the in-line female connector according to the firstexemplary embodiment may be sealed and/or shielded.

Accordingly, entering of body fluids into the in-line female connectorand/or electromagnetic interferences may be prevented.

According to a fifth aspect, the present disclosure is directed to anin-line male connector for connecting signal transmitting parts of asignal transmitting device in a fixing system for anchoring a roboticprosthesis on a bone. The in-line male connector may extend on alongitudinal axis and may be adapted to be inserted into an in-linefemale connector. Furthermore, the in-line male connector may compriseat least two contact elements and an insulating element. Both, thecontact elements and the insulating element may have a through-hole andmay be arranged in-line on the longitudinal axis. The insulating elementmay be arranged between the contact elements. Furthermore, the in-linemale connector may comprise transmitting means for transmitting signalsfrom the respective contact elements to a first end of the in-line maleconnector. Each transmitting means may be arranged in the through-holeand may be insulated from the other contact elements.

Accordingly, a predetermined number of different signals may betransmitted to a corresponding in-line female connector, wherein thecylindrical in-line male connector has a compact and, in particular,thin design.

In a sixth aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method forimplanting a fixing system for anchoring a robotic prosthesis on a bone.The method may comprise implanting a fixture having a first through-holein a bone. Furthermore, the method comprises drilling a through-holefrom an inner end of the fixture from inside the bone to outside thebone but inside a soft tissue of a limb. Furthermore, the method maycomprise inserting a transmitting device inserted in a sealing devicefrom an outer end of the fixture into the first through-hole and thethrough-hole of the bone. As a further step, the method may comprisesealing the first through-hole by the sealing device. As a further step,the method may comprise fixing an abutment for fixing the roboticprosthesis in the fixture by an abutment fixing device.

The above method provides a long-term stable implantation of a fixingsystem for robotic prosthesis having simple surgical steps and ensuringa high success rate. The different steps may be interchanged.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detail description are exemplary and explanatory only andare not restrictive of the disclosure.

Other features and aspects of this disclosure will be apparent to theskilled person based up on the following description, the accompanyingdrawing and the attached claims.

The above-mentioned features and embodiments of the apparatus, gateway,fixing system, fixture, connectors and method, respectively, may becombined in various possible ways providing further advantageousembodiments.

The most advanced commercial myoelectric prostheses are limited to aproportional control (speed or strength) of basic movement (e.g. openingand closing the hand). They all use surface electrodes to readmyoelectric signals from relatively strong muscle contractions which isinefficient and unnatural for the patient. Unnatural control causes mostof myoelectric prostheses rejections.

A solution to obtain long-term stable signals is the use of implantableelectrodes and biosensors. Implantable electrodes may used to overcomethe most of the problems mentioned in the background, in particular, thesignal quality is more consistent over time and less affected bysurrounding noise. Furthermore, the use of nerve-based implantableelectrodes allows to obtain signals to several muscles from a singlenerve.

Furthermore, a solution to obtain stable and stronger signals fromimplantable electrodes is the use of amplifiers. Such amplifiers may beintegrated in a housing of the implantable electrode but notnecessarily.

Furthermore, feedback such as slip or force signal to the patient may betransmitted from the prosthesis to the muscles and nerves to provide a“natural” feeling for the patient. Accordingly, a stimulation of themuscles and nerves could be provided.

These ideas bring another big issue, namely signal transmission betweenthe inside of the body and the outside of the body.

The present disclosure is directed, at least in part, to improving orovercoming one or more aspects of the prior percutaneousHuman-Machine-Gateways for transmitting signals between an inside of abody and an outside of the body. In particular, the present disclosuremay be directed to provide a fixing system, a fixture, connectors and amethod for implantation of such a fixing system for bone anchoredrobotic prostheses allowing a permanent long-term stable transmission ofsignals between, for example, a prosthesis outside the limb and devicesinside of a limb.

Although the idea of using signals generated in nerves and muscles tocontrol a robotic prostheses is known since the 1960's, currently thereis no long-term stable implementation of such control. This is mainlybecause surface recordings are highly environmental dependent, which isa problem that is solved using implanted electrodes. The use implantedelectrodes has the major issue of how to permanently collect theirrecordings. The use of percutaneous passage of wires must be avoidedbecause it is a path for virus and bacteria. The invention heredescribed is the solution to this problem.

A substantial an important difference to all the known state-of-art isthe fact that the invention here described does not disturbs the skinsealing by exiting to the soft tissue through the bone. The skin sealingtight to the bone and percutaneous bone extension, is the key for along-term stability.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a general overview of a percutaneous gateway according to afirst embodiment,

FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a fixing system as a part of thepercutaneous gateway being implanted in a bone of a limb in an x-y planeaccording to a first embodiment,

FIG. 3 is a cross section of a fixture used in the fixing system in thex-y plane according to the first embodiment,

FIG. 4 is a perspective view in the z-direction of an abutment used inthe fixing system according to the first embodiment,

FIG. 5 is a perspective partially cutaway view in the z-direction of anabutment fixing device according to the first embodiment,

FIG. 6 is a perspective partially cutaway view of the bottom of theabutment fixing device according to the first embodiment

FIG. 7 is a perspective view in a) and a detailed perspective view ofthe lower end in FIG. 7 a) in b) of a first female connector adapted tobe inserted in the abutment screw of FIG. 4 according to the firstembodiment,

FIG. 8 is a detailed perspective view of a detail “K” of FIG. 7 of alongitudinal groove formed for a transmitting means provided on theouter surface of the female connector according to the first embodiment,

FIG. 9 is a detailed perspective view of the bottom of the first femaleconnector according to the first embodiment,

FIG. 10 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a sealing deviceaccording to the first embodiment,

FIG. 11 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the sealing devicecomprising a first in-line male connector according to the firstembodiment,

FIG. 12 is a detailed partially cutaway perspective view of an outer endportion the first in-line male connector according to the firstembodiment,

FIG. 13 is a partially cutaway perspective side view of an end malecontact element in a) and angled partially cutaway perspective view fromabove from an intermediate male contact element in b) of the firstin-line male connector according to the first embodiment,

FIG. 14 is a partially cutaway perspective side view in a) and apartially cutaway bottom view in b) of an insulating element accordingto the first embodiment

FIG. 15 is a partially cutaway exploded view of a male connectoraccording to the first embodiment,

FIG. 16 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a second femaleconnector without insulating and shielding covers according to the firstembodiment,

FIG. 17 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the second connectorwith the insulating and shielding covers according to the firstembodiment,

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of an abutment fixing device according toa third embodiment, in a) seen from the side, and in b) seen from theside and bottom,

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an abutment fixing device according toa fourth embodiment, in a) seen from the bottom side, and in b) seenfrom the top side

FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of a sealing device according to thethird embodiment,

FIG. 21 shows a perspective view of a sealing device according to thefourth embodiment,

FIG. 22 shows a perspective view of a one-way in-line connectoraccording to a further embodiment, and

FIG. 23 shows a perspective view of an abutment fixing device headaccording to a second embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the following, embodiments are described with reference to thedrawings.

Overview of the Percutaneous Gateway

An overview over a percutaneous gateway according to a first aspect ofthe present disclosure will shortly be described with reference to FIGS.1 and 2. The percutaneous implant (10) preferably comprises a fixture 10a adapted to be anchored in a bone 1 of, for example, a limb 2, and anabutment 30 as a percutaneous part extending from an inside of the bodyto an outside of the body.

However, the implant is not limited to the two part design. Accordingly,the implant may be a single element or may comprise more than twoelements.

The fixture 10 a is preferably completely implanted in the bone 1. Aninner end of the percutaneous abutment 30 is preferably fixed inside anouter end 15 of the fixture 10 a. An outer end of the percutaneousabutment 30 projects from the stump or limb 2 (or body) to the outsideof the body.

Preferably, the abutment 30 and the fixture 10 a, respectively, compriseat least one through-hole 11, 31. These through-holes 11, 31 areconstituting an implant through-hole extending from an inner end 14opened to an inside of the bone 1 to an outer end 3 outside of the body.Accordingly, at least one signal or power transmitting device 20, forexample, a cable, a light transmitting fiber, a magnetic link and so onmay be fed through the implant through-hole 11, 31 from the outside ofthe body to the inner end 14 inside the bone 1.

Furthermore, the bone 1 may have at least one through-hole 80 inextension of the implant through-hole(s) 11, 31 such that the signaltransmitting device 20 may be guided from the implant through-hole 11,31 to the soft tissue 5.

Preferably, a sealing device 50 which may be inserted into the implantthrough-hole 11, 31 is adapted to prevent bacteria from entering intothe bone 1 and body fluids from exiting the body via the implantthrough-hole 11, 31.

Preferably, at least one connector (coupling) 66, 67 may be providedinside the soft tissue 5 and/or one connector (coupling) 71, 61 may beprovided inside the implant through-hole 11, 31 which is connectable toat least one implanted device 90.

Implanted devices 90 are, for example, biosensors such as glucosemeasuring devices, or stimulating devices, drug delivery devices,electrodes and so on which may be supplied with energy from the outsideor batteries and may transmit and received signals to devices outsidethe body. Therefore, may be a bidirectional connection is provided.Furthermore, the implanted devices 90 may constitute a muscularinterface and/or a neural interface.

Outside the body, a stimulator, a robotic prosthesis, a bio-signalrecorder etc as an outside device 91 may be connected to thetransmitting device 20 such that the devices 91 outside the body(outside devices) are connected to devices 90 inside the body via thepercutaneous gateway in a long-term stable manner. However, differentdevices may also be housed in the percutaneous gateway or in the limb.

Overview of the Fixing System According to the First Embodiment

A first exemplary embodiment of the implanted and assembled percutaneousgateway including a fixing system is described with reference to thedrawings.

The first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure isschematically shown in FIG. 2. Here, an assembled fixing system as partof the percutaneous gateway for a bone anchored robotic prosthesis isshown after being implanted in a bone 1 of a limb (stump) 2. The fixingsystem comprises a fixture 10 a, an abutment 30, an abutment fixingdevice 40, a sealing device 50 and a signal transmitting device 20.

A cross section of the fixture 10 a according to the first embodiment isshown in FIG. 3. The fixture 10 a is used as an anchoring element for arobotic prosthesis on the bone 1. Accordingly, the fixture 10 a is, forexample, surgically inserted into the bone 1 of an amputation stump ofthe limb 2. The design of the fixture 10 a allows bone cells to growtight around it (osseointegration) such that the fixture is long-termfixed in the bone 1. As explained below, the abutment 30 which serves,for example, as the fixing terminal for the robotic prosthesis outsidethe limb 2 is fixed to the bone 1 via the fixture 10 a. The fixture 10 amay be partly implanted with an inner section inside the bone 1.Preferably, according to the first embodiment, the fixture 10 a iscompletely implanted inside the bone 1. Therefore, the whole fixture maybe regarded as an inner section. Furthermore, the fixture comprises athrough-hole 11 having an inner end 14 opening into the bone and anouter end 15 in the opposite direction with respect to a longitudinalaxis A of the through-hole 11 and/or the fixture 10 a. The outer end 15may be directed to a drill 6 in the bone 1 through which the fixture 10a has been inserted from outside into the bone 1.

A perspective view of the abutment 30 according to the first embodimentis shown in FIG. 4. The abutment 30 is partly inserted into the outerend 15 of the through-hole 11 of fixture 10 a and partly exiting thestump 2 (and the bone 1). Accordingly, the abutment 30 may constitute apercutaneous passage. A head 32 of the abutment 30 may serve as a fixingterminal for the robotic prosthesis or other outside devices 91. Thehead 32 constitutes the outer end of the abutment 30. Furthermore, theabutment may comprise a fitting at the inner end opposite to the outerend. The fitting is adapted to be inserted into the fixture 10 a.Preferably, the fitting is a hexagonal fitting 33.

A perspective view of the abutment fixing device 40 according to thefirst embodiment is shown in FIG. 5. The abutment fixing device 40 ispreferably a longitudinal screw which will be referred to as theabutment screw 40 in the following. The abutment screw 40 preferablygoes through a (third) through-hole 31 of the abutment 30 and attachesthe abutment 30 to the fixture 10 a. An outer end 3 of the thirdthrough-hole 31 conforms to the head 32. That means, a head 43 of theabutment screw 40 is preferably pressed against the abutment 30 when theabutment screw 40 is being screwed into a first fixing section of thefixture 10 a. The first fixing section of the fixture 10 a is preferablyan inner thread 12. Furthermore, the abutment screw preferably comprisesa (fourth) through-hole 41.

Furthermore, the through-hole 11 of the fixture 10 a is preferablyclosed and sealed by the sealing device 50. Accordingly, body fluid onthe bone-side of the fixture 10 a is prevented from exiting through thefixing system (percutaneous gateway) and bacteria are prevented fromentering into the bone 1. Preferably, the sealing device 50 is a screwwhich will be referred to as the sealing screw 50 in the following. Thesealing screw 50 preferably comprises a (second) through-hole 51 whereina signal transmission device is fixed.

The signal transmitting device 20 is provided for transmitting, e.g.myoelectric signals from implanted electrodes 90 to the roboticartificial limb prosthesis through the fixing system or to transmit, forexample, signals and/or power supply from the outside devices 91 toelectric circuits inside the body as, for example, amplifiers which arehoused in the electrode housings. For providing a long-term stableconnection between the electrodes 90 and the robotic prosthesis, thesignal transmitting device 20 is preferably fed through the implantthrough-hole which is constituted by the through-holes 11, 51, 41, 31 ofthe fixture 10 a, the sealing screw 50, the abutment screw 40 andthereby also of the abutment 30. From the bone-side inner end 14 of thethrough-hole 11 of the fixture 10 a, the signal transmitting device 20is preferably guided through a drilled through-hole 80 running insidethe bone 1 from the inner end 14 of the fixture 10 a to the outsidesurface of the bone 1. The outside surface of the bone 1 is enclosed bya soft tissue 5 of the limb 2. Accordingly, the transmitting device 20may be connected to the electrodes 90 and/or biosensors (not shown)and/or devices (not shown) inside the soft tissue 5.

In view of the best possibilities for assembling and repairing thepercutaneous gateway including the fixing system, the transmittingdevice 20 is preferably divided into several transmitting parts 21, 22,and 23. A first signal transmitting part 21 is preferably located insidethe abutment screw 40 and, according to the first exemplary embodiment,electrically connected to a second signal transmitting part 22 extendingfrom the first transmitting part 21 through the sealing screw 50 insidethe fixture 10 a to the electrodes 90. Additionally, the electrodes 90may be preferably connected to the second signal transmitting part 22 bya third signal transmitting part 23.

The above signal transmitting parts 21, 22, 23 are preferably connectedby different connectors which will be explained later. Furthermore, onthe other, i.e. the outer end of the signal transmitting parts 21, 22,23 which are connected to each other, a further signal transmitting partis preferably connected to the first signal transmitting part 21 fortransmitting signals to an amplifier or control circuit (not shown) forcontrolling the robotic prosthesis.

The respective through-holes may be understood as central openings,channels, through-openings, passages and so on. The term “signaltransmission” may be understood as, for example, electric signaltransmission, light signal transmission and so on, but also includes apower supply transmission. Furthermore, also a fluid may be transmittedvia the signal transmitting device.

Detailed Description of the Respective Elements

In the following, the different elements of the percutaneous gatewayincluding the fixing system are described in detail with reference tothe respective drawings.

Fixture

The fixture 10 a is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. According to the firstembodiment, the fixture 10 a is preferably an essentially rotationallysymmetric member extending in a longitudinal direction x over an overalllength 11. As shown in FIG. 2, the fixture 10 a preferably has acylindrical shape and a longitudinal axis A extending in thex-direction. Furthermore, the fixture 10 a may have the through-hole 11(first through-hole) extending preferably from an inner end 14 whichopens into the bone 1 to an outer end 15 opposite to the inner end 14with respect to the longitudinal axis. The through-hole 11 preferablycomprises a fixing portion having a first fixing section as a firstfemale thread 12 for fixing the abutment screw 40 (abutment fixingdevice) and a second fixing section as a second female thread 13 forfixing the sealing screw 50 (sealing device). Furthermore, thethrough-hole 11 has such a shape that the second transmitting part 22may be guided from the inner end 14 to the outer end 15.

The through-hole can also exit to the bone in any other direction thanx, such as in the y-direction shown in FIG. 1. The fixture may haveembedded the feedthrough connector 50 instead of a removable screw 50.

Preferably, the through-hole 11 runs in the longitudinal direction xover the entire first length 11 through the entire fixture 10 a. Theinner end of the fixture 10 a, which is preferably to be inserted intothe bone 1 at first, is preferably identical to the inner end 14 of thethrough-hole 11. The same applies for the outer end 15 of the fixture 10a. The outer surface area of the fixture 10 a is preferably completely,but at least partly, provided with a male thread 16.

The through-hole 11 of the fixture 10 a is, for example, divided intofive sections over the overall length 11 beginning from the inner end14. The first section is, for example, arranged within a first distancea1 from the inner end 14 with respect to the longitudinal direction x.In the first section, the cylindrical body of the fixture 10 may beslotted. That means, there are, for example, four slits 16 extendingfrom the inner end 14 of the fixture 10 a in the longitudinal directionx over the first distance a1. Preferably, the slits 16 have a spiralform. Furthermore, nuts with small bores may be provided instead ofslits. The slits (nuts) will help the bone cells to grow tight aroundthe fixture 10 a (osseointegration). Furthermore, the process ofinserting the fixture into the bone may be improved because the fixture10 a itself is used for drilling into the bone 1.

A second section is, for example, arranged adjacent to the first sectionwith respect to the longitudinal direction x (i.e. proximate in adirection to the outside of the body). In the second section, the insidediameter of the through-hole 11 decreases from an inner end insidediameter d to a second diameter d2 of a second female thread 13 (secondfixing section). The second female thread 13 preferably constitutes athird section which is preferably located adjacent to the second sectionin the longitudinal direction x. Accordingly, in the second section, thewall thickness of the fixture 10 a increases with respect to thelongitudinal direction x up to the maximum value which is preferablyachieved in the third section. The second section ends at a distance a2in the longitudinal direction x from the inner end 14 of the fixture 10a. The second transmitting part 22 is preferably partly housed in thefirst and second section.

The third section starts at the distance a2 in the longitudinaldirection x from the inner end 14 and extends to a distance a3 in thelongitudinal direction x from the inner end 14. In the third section,the through-hole 11 preferably comprises the second female thread 13.Furthermore, the sealing screw 50, which will be described below, isadapted to close and seal the inner hole 11 of the fixture 10 a by beingscrewed into the second female thread 13 of the fixture 10 a.

In the fourth section, which is provided adjacent to the third section,a first female thread 12 (first fixing section) with a first diameter d1is at least partly formed. The unthreaded portion of the fourth sectionhas preferably the same first diameter d1. The fourth section extendsfrom a distance a4 from the outer end 15 of the through-hole 11 to adistance a5 from the outer end 15 with respect to the longitudinaldirection x. Preferably, the first female thread 12 starts with adistance of, for example, about 4 mm (dependent on the shape of thesealing screw 50) with respect to the third section. Accordingly, asealing screw head 53, which will be explained later, does preferablynot come into contact with the abutment screw 70, when the sealing screw50 is screwed into the second female thread 13.

Preferably, the sum of distances a3 and a4 corresponds to the overalllength 11 of the fixture 10 a and the through-hole 11. The abutmentscrew 40 is adapted to be fixed in the third section of the fixture.That means, the abutment screw 40 is preferably adapted to be screwedinto the first female thread 12. Therefore, the abutment screw 40preferably comprises a male thread 42 having a corresponding size.

A fifth section extends over a length a5 from the outer end 15 of thethrough-hole 11 in the longitudinal direction x. The fifth section ispreferably provided to receive the abutment 30 therein. The interiorsurface of the fifth section is formed as, for example a hexagonalfemale fitting 18 having a third inside diameter d3 and corresponding tothe inner end 33 of the abutment 30.

Diameter d3 is preferably larger than diameter d1, and diameter d1 ispreferably larger than diameter d2, and diameter d is preferably largerthan diameter d2.

The fixture is preferably made of biocompatible, long-term implantablematerial, for example of titanium. The fixture allows a reliable andlong-term stable fixation of the whole fixing system in the bone 1. Thefixture may be also used in bone anchored prosthesis having no roboticfunction.

Abutment

Next, the abutment 30 will be described referring to FIGS. 2 and 4. Theabutment 30 is a preferably rotationally symmetric member extending witha length 12 into the longitudinal direction x. The abutment 30 haspreferably a cylindrical shape with a central through-hole 31 (thirdthrough-hole) extending in the longitudinal direction x with the samelength 12 between the abutment screw head 32 as the outer end andhexagonal male fitting 33 as the inner end. The central through-hole 31may have a constant diameter d7 and may be adapted to house the abutmentscrew 40 therein.

The abutment 30 is preferably divided in, for example, three sections.The first section is constituted by the abutment screw head 32 having aquadratic form, for example, and an outside diameter d4 and a length 14in the longitudinal direction x. The second section is the shaft section34 having an outside diameter d5 and a length 15. The third section islocated opposite to the first section with respect to the longitudinaldirection x and constitutes the inner end of the abutment 30. The innerend of the abutment 30 is preferably formed as a hexagonal male fitting33. The hexagonal male fitting 33 has an outside diameter d6 and alength 16 in the longitudinal direction x. The hexagonal fitting 33allows the abutment 30 to be fitted in the hexagonal female fitting 18of the fixture 10 a without deformation. However, the hexagonal malefitting 33 and the hexagonal female fitting 18 of the fixture 10 a maybe replaced by, for example a conical fitting.

Furthermore, the abutment 30 has to provide a comfortable skinpenetration area. For these reasons the obvious cross section shape ofthe shaft 34, normal to its axis, is preferably circular.

Furthermore, the abutment shaft 34 should direct the fracture point dueto overload or fracture, in particular, because the fixture 10 a shouldbe protected from overload. Therefore, it is desirable that the fractureoccurs as far outside the limb as possible, as a surgical need to firmlygrip the residual shaft when replacing the abutment. If a fracture pointis near to the skin penetration area or even inside the stump, theprocedure might require surgical incision which is normally not requiredwhen replacing an abutment. Accordingly, it is preferred that theabutment 30 has a design with a predetermined braking point being as faras possible outside the limb 2.

The abutment 30 is preferably made of biocompatible, long-termimplantable material, for example of titanium.

Abutment Fixing Device

Next, the abutment screw 40 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2,5 and 6. The abutment 30 is adapted to be fixed in the fixture 10 a bythe abutment screw 40. The abutment screw 40 is a longitudinal screwhaving an overall length 18. The abutment screw 40 comprises a malethread 42 on its inner end portion over a distance 19 in thelongitudinal direction x. The male thread 42 of the abutment screw 40 isadapted to fit into the first female thread 12 of the fixture 10 a (seeabove).

Furthermore, the abutment screw 40 comprises a screw head 43 which isadapted to be engaged by a tool for screwing-in and -out the abutmentscrew 40, and for contacting, for example, the abutment head 32, andthereby pressing the abutment 30 into the fitting 18 in the fixture 10a. The abutment screw head 43 has a length 110 and a maximum diameterd8.

A preferably un-threaded shaft 44 of the abutment screw 40 has aneleventh length 111 and a ninth diameter d9. Furthermore, the abutmentscrew 40 comprises a preferably central through-hole 41 (fourththrough-hole) having an inside diameter d10 inside the screw shaft 44and the screw head 43, and an inside diameter d11 inside the thread 42.Preferably, d11 is smaller than d10.

The portion of the through-hole 41 having the larger inside diameter d10is preferably adapted to house, at least partly, the first transmittingpart 21. The portion of the through-hole 41 having the smaller eleventhinside diameter d11, is preferably the portion wherein a part of thesecond transmitting part 22 is fed through.

In view of the above inside diameters, the wall-thickness of theabutment shaft 40 is increased inside the threaded portion 42.Therefore, the abutment screw 40 can be loaded with a higher torqueforce during insertion.

The abutment screw 40 is preferably made of biocompatible, long-termimplantable material, for example of titanium.

First Transmitting Part of the Transmitting Device

The abutment screw 40 preferably houses the first signal transmittingpart 21, as shown in FIGS. 2, 5, 6 and 23. Preferably, the first signaltransmitting part 21 is embedded in the abutment screw 40.

The first signal transmitting part 21 may comprise a first connector 71being preferably located inside the abutment screw shaft 44. Preferably,the first connector 71 is arranged inside the portion of thethrough-hole 41 having the larger diameter d10. According to the firstembodiment, the first connector 71 is preferably an in-line femaleconnector.

The term “in-line” means that different contacts of a connector arearranged on a common axis, and therefore on or in a line.

On the other side, the first signal transmitting part 21 preferably hasa head connector 72 in the abutment screw head 43 (third connector). Thehead connector 72 in the screw head 43 is, for example, a side-contactconnector, wherein different contacts 73 are provided in the side walls74 of the screw head 43. The different contacts 73 may be connected totransmitting means in form of insulated cables 75 (see FIGS. 2 and 7) bycrimping or welding. The cables 75 are preferably fed through thethrough-hole 41 to the first in-line connector 71, respectively. Thehead connector can also have the contacts arrange in a parallel way suchas shown in FIG. 23.

The first in-line female connector 71 is preferably configured bycontact sockets (female contacts) 100 and female insulating means(insulating sockets) 102, as shown in FIGS. 7 a) and b) and FIG. 8. FIG.7 b) shows a detailed view of the first in-line female connector 71below the line L-L in FIG. 7 a). Each female contact socket 100 and eachfemale insulating means 102 has a preferably cylindrical shape with athrough-hole 101 wherein an in-line male connector 61 (second connector)may be inserted (plugged). Each contact socket 100 has a height h1, anoutside diameter b1 and an inside diameter b2. Each female insulatingmeans 102 has a height h2, and preferably the same outside diameter b1and inside diameter b2.

The first in-line female connector 71 is preferably configured byarranging the contact sockets 100 in-line on the longitudinal axis Atogether with the female insulating means 102. For insulating eachcontact socket 100 from the proximate contact socket 100, preferably onefemale insulating means 102 is arranged between each couple of contactsockets 100.

The contact socket 100 and the female insulating means 102 are fixed oneach other by, for example, a medical adhesive. Furthermore, it is alsoadvantageous, if one side, for example, the outer end (directed to theoutside of the body) with respect to the longitudinal direction x ofeach contact socket 100 and of each female insulating means 102 has arecess, respectively, and the inner end with respect to the longitudinaldirection x of each contact socket 100 and of each female insulatingmeans 102 has a corresponding projection, respectively, which fittogether when they are coupled. The only modification of the ultimateinsulating means 109 is the flat termination in one of it ends.

The number of the contact sockets 100 depends on the required number ofsignals to be transmitted. In the present embodiment, ten contactsockets 100 are preferred. Furthermore, it is preferred that both endsof the first female connector 71 are insulated. Accordingly, at least 11female insulating means 102 may be necessary. Accordingly, a connectorstack is configured by an in-line arrangement of the different contactsockets 100.

A sleeve (not shown) made of metal wire is arranged in each contactsocket 100. The shape of the contact sleeve is formed by wires strung atan angle to the socket's axis (not shown). When a male pin contactelement 110 is inserted into the corresponding sleeve of the contactsocket 100, the wire may stretch around it thereby providing a number oflinear contact paths. Therefore, an electrical connection between themale pin contact element 110 and the contact socket 100.

Furthermore, each contact socket 100 has to be connected to thecorresponding insulated cable 75 from the abutment screw head connector72, as stated above. In order to safe space and preserve a flat outsidesurface around the first female connector 71, a longitudinal groove 103is formed in the surface of the first female connector 71 parallel tothe axis A for each insulated cable 75, respectively. Each groove 103has a first radius r1 and the radius is dimensioned for accommodatingthe insulated cable 75 such that the outside diameter of the firstfemale connector 71 is not increased because of the inserted cable 75(see FIGS. 7 to 9).

The electrical connection between the respective cable 75 and thecorresponding contact socket 100 is preferably ensured by a bared endportion 76 of each cable 75 starting at the border 105 between aninsulating means 102 and the proximate contact socket 100. The bared endportion 76 has a smaller diameter than the insulated cable 75.Accordingly, a groove 104 extending in the longitudinal direction x onthe surface of the contact socket 100 which is to be connected to thebared end portion 76 has preferably a second radius r2 being smallerthan the first radius r1, as shown in FIG. 8. Therefore, the cable 75and, in particular, its core assembly (that is, the bared end portion76) may be guided in a straight line, in particular, at the intersectionbetween the bared end portion 76 and the insulated part of the cable 75(see FIG. 8).

Furthermore, each contact socket 100 may have an annular groove 106having preferably the same second radius r2. The annular groove may beprovided middle of the contact socket regarding the height direction(x-direction). The bared end portion 76 of the cable may also be guidedthrough this annular groove 106. Furthermore, the electrical connectionbetween the bared end portion 76 of the cable 75 and the respectivecontact socket 100 may be improved by 360 deg welding the bared endportion 76 to the surface of the annular groove 106.

Since this first in-line female connector 71 is preferably housed insidethe abutment screw 40 which is preferably made from titanium, itrequires insulation 107 between the respective contact sockets 100 andthe housing (abutment screw 40). This is achieved by, for example,rolling silicon-sheets until reaching a wall thickness of, for example,0.1 mm, as can be seen from FIG. 9.

The first in-line female connector 71 is preferably completely housed inthe abutment screw 40. Accordingly, the first female connector 71 fitsinto the portion of the through-hole 41 having the inside diameter d10inside the shaft 44.

The basic for the contact sockets 100 may be standard designed formedical use. Accordingly, the socket contacts are preferably made ofbio-compatible materials. The female insulating means 102 are preferablymade by PEEK or Silicon, and sealing between the each contact socket 100and the respective insulating means 102 is provided by a long-termimplantable adhesive, for example.

Sealing Device

The sealing screw 50, which is adapted to be screwed into the secondfemale thread 13 of the fixture 10 a and thereby sealing the outsidesurface of the sealing screw 50 to the inside surface the fixture 10 a,is shown in FIG. 10. The sealing screw 50 has a male thread 52, forexample, in form of a standard male. The sealing screw 50 has an overalllength s1 in the longitudinal direction x. The male thread 52 has alength s2 in the longitudinal direction x. Furthermore, the sealingscrew 50 comprises a head 53 having a length s3 in the longitudinaldirection x and a diameter d12. The head 53 comprises one or morerecesses 54 to be engaged by a tool for screwing the sealing screw inand out. Between the head 53 and the male thread 52 is a threadclearance 55. Accordingly, the head 53 and the male thread 52 arearranged with a distance s4 between.

The sealing screw 50 preferably has a through-hole 51 (secondthrough-hole). The through-hole 51 of the sealing screw 50 has an insidediameter d13 in the screw head 53. Furthermore, inside the portionhaving the male thread 52, the inside diameter d12 of the through-hole51 increases preferably conically to an inside diameter d14 at the innerend of the fourth throw hole 51 opposite to the screw head 53. Thatmeans, the fourth through-hole 51 preferably has a conical shape insidethe threaded portion 52 of the sealing screw 50.

The sealing screw 50 is preferably made of biocompatible, long-termimplantable material, for example of titanium.

Second Connector

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 11, the first in-line male connector 61 (secondconnector) is preferably adapted to be fixed in the through-hole 51 ofthe sealing screw 50, in particular, inside the head 53 of the sealingscrew 50 by, for example, a medical adhesive. The first in-line maleconnector 61 comprises male contact elements 110 and male insulatingelement 112 arranged in-line on a common axis A, wherein the insulatingelements 112 are arranged as insulating means between the respectivemale contact elements 110 corresponding to the above described contactsockets 100 and female insulating means 112 (see FIG. 12). The malecontact elements 110 and the insulating elements 112 are fixed on eachother by a medical adhesive, for example, such that a connector pin isconfigured.

Furthermore, the inner and outer end of each male contact element 110may have a recess, respectively (see FIGS. 13 a) and b)). Accordingly,the inner and outer end of each insulating element 112 may have acorresponding projection, respectively (see FIGS. 14 a) and b)).Therefore, the recess and the projection may fit together when therespective male contact elements 110 and insulating elements 112 arecoupled.

The contact surface height and outside diameter of each male contactelement 110 preferably corresponds to the height h1 and the insidediameter b2 of the corresponding contact socket 100 of the first in-linefemale connector 71, respectively (see FIG. 12). The height and diameterof each insulating element 112 preferably corresponds to the height h2and inside diameter b2 of the corresponding female insulating means 112of the first in-line female connector 71. Accordingly, the first in-linemale connector 61 preferably has a maximum outside diameter d15corresponding to the minimum inside diameter b2 of the correspondingthrough-hole 101 inside the contact socket 100 and insulating means 102.Furthermore, the number of male contact elements 110 preferablycorresponds to the number of contact sockets 100. Accordingly, thein-line male connector 61 comprises in this embodiment ten male contactelements 110.

Both, the male contact element 110 and the insulating element 112 of thefirst in-line male connector 61 comprise at least one through-hole 111in the longitudinal direction x for guiding at least one cable 65 aspart of the second transmitting part 22 through the sealing screw 50.Each male contact element 110 is connected to a respective cable 65 bycrimping the cable 65 to a central crimping contact 113, for example, asshown in FIGS. 12 and 13 b). The respective cable 65 is preferablyguided through a U-shaped hole 114 of the proximate insulating element112 to the corresponding through-hole 111, as schematically shown inFIGS. 12 and 14 a) and b). It is preferred that each cable is guided ina separate cable channel 115. Therefore, in the present embodiment, theelements 110 and 112 comprise ten circularly arranged channels 115instead of one through-hole 111, respectively. An exemplary course ofone cable is shown in FIG. 12. Furthermore, the circular arrangedchannels 115 in an outermost (first) male contact element 117 arepreferably closed for sealing the inside of the first male connector 71from the outside, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 a). Accordingly, bodyfluids and bacteria may be prevented from entering or exiting thein-line male connector 61.

The insulating elements 112 are preferably made from Silicon or PEEK.Furthermore, between the first insulating element 112 and the sealingscrew 50, there is preferably a pin extension 116. The pin extension 116is provided for bridging the distance from the sealing screw head 53 tothe first female connector 71, i.e. for bridging the length of the malethread 42 of the abutment screw 40 plus the distance of the unthreadedportion in the fourth section of the fixture 10 a adjacent to thesealing screw head 53 (see above). The pin extension has a length s5 inthe longitudinal direction x and the same outside diameter ad the maleelements 110, 112.

The cable 65 (second transmitting means) is preferably a shielded andinsulated cable. That means, the core is coated by a first insulatinglayer and the insulating layer is coated by a shielding layer.Furthermore, the shielding layer is coated by a second insulating layer.The second insulating layer constitutes the outside surface of theshielded cable. Preferably, the shielding (shielding layer) of the cable65 starts in the conical portion of the through-hole 51. Accordingly,when the diameter of the cable 65 is reduced because the shielding(shielding layer and second insulating layer) is omitted inside the head53 of the sealing screw 50, the cable 65 fits optimal in the fourththrough-hole 51 of the sealing screw (not shown). The shielding may beomitted inside the screw head 53 because the screw head is connected tothe shielding, and therefore, the screw head 53 constitutes theshielding.

Accordingly, the first male connector 61 is fixed in the sealing screw50 and connected to the cables 65 which are guided through the fourththrough-hole 51 of the sealing screw 50, the cables 65 being shieldedwhen exiting the sealing screw 50. Furthermore, the cables 65 and thefirst male connector 61 are glued into the sealing screw 50 by a medicaladhesive such that body fluids and bacteria are prevented from passingthe through-hole 51, this can also be achieved by other mechanical meanssuch the use of an o-ring.

Second Transmitting Part and Fourth Connector

On the other end of the second transmitting part 22, the shielded cables65 may end within one or more second in-line male connectors 66 (fourthconnector), as shown in FIG. 15.

Each second in-line male connector 66 (fourth connector) may preferablybe made of essentially the same material and elements as the firstin-line male connector 61. Therefore, only the differences will bedescribed in the following.

The second in-line male connectors 66 may preferably be three-wayconnectors wherein two male contact elements 120, 121 are used for thesignal transfer and one male contact element 122 is used for theshielding. Accordingly, each three-way connector 66 is preferablyconnected to two signal cables 65. An exemplary course of one cable 65is shown in FIG. 15. The male or female part of the connector could bechange and the number of signals will vary depending on the implanteddevices or sensor.

Each second in-line male connector 66 has a first male contact element120 on the outer end opposite to the cable entrance corresponding to thefirst male contact element 117 of the first in-line male connector 61.The first male contact element 120 has preferably closed cylindricalthrough-holes 126 or rather closed channels (see FIG. 15, lowerportion). Between the first male contact element 120 and the second malecontact element 121, the second in-line male connector 66 preferablycomprises a first insulating element 123 made of Silicon or PEEK havingthe same structure as the insulating element 112 of the first in-linemale connector 61. The second male contact element 121 has also the samestructure as any one of the intermediate male contact elements 110 ofthe first male connector 61. Furthermore, a second insulating element124 corresponding to the insulating elements 112 of the first in-linemale connector 61 is provided between the third male contact element 122and the second male contact element 121.

The third male contact element 122 may differ from the other malecontact elements 120, 121. The third male contact element 122 and athird insulating element 125 preferably comprise only one through-hole126 instead of separate through-holes (channels) for the differentcables 65. The inside of the third male contact element 122 is connectedto the shielding of the two cables 65 by crimping. The male contactelements 120, 121, 122 and the insulating elements 123, 124, 125 arearranged on a common axis B, shown in FIG. 15. Furthermore, the thirdinsulating element 125 has a gradual tapered end, which facilitatesinsertion into a female connector 67 and which gives more surface areafor the medical adhesive to glue and seal the cables within the taperedend.

Preferably, five of the above second male connectors 66 are provided fortransmitting the signals to the first male connector 61. Accordingly,ten different signals may be transmitted by ten male contact elements110. Furthermore, a maximum outside diameter d15 of the second maleconnector 66 may be smaller than the minimum inside diameter of thethrough-hole 11 in the fixture 10 a.

May be, the shielded cables 65 have an offset. The offset allows a feedthrough in series without loosening each of the cables 65 when feedingthrough. Furthermore, instead of using five parallel connectors 66, onein-line connector having 10 contacts may be used, for example.

Third Transmitting Part and Fifth Connector

A second longitudinal female connector 67 (fourth connector) is thefemale part for the above second male connector 66 and shown in FIGS. 16and 17. The second longitudinal connector is electrically connected toshielded electrode leads 68 (or implanted device leads). The secondfemale connector 67 is preferably made of essentially the same materialand elements as the first in-line female connector 71. Therefore, onlythe differences will be described below.

According to the second male connector 66, the second female connector67 is a three-way connector wherein the first two contacts sockets 130,131 are arranged proximate to the electrode leads 68. The first twocontacts sockets 130, 131 are used for the signals and the third contactsocket 132 is used for the shielding. The three contacts sockets 130,131, 132 are arranged on the common axis B. Furthermore, a firstinsulating means 133 may be arranged at the end of the first contactsocket 130. A second insulating means 134 may be arranged between thefirst contact socket 130 and the second contact socket 131, and a thirdinsulating means 135 may be arranged between the second contact socket131 and the third contact socket 132.

The first contact socket 130 and the second contact socket 131correspond, basically, to the contact sockets 100 of the first femaleconnector 71. That means, the first contact socket 130 and the firstinsulating means 133 have, in this embodiment, two grooves or channels136 on the outer surface in the longitudinal direction B, wherein anelectrode lead 68 is guided to the first and second contact socket 130,131, respectively. Furthermore, the first and second contact sockets130, 131 preferably comprise an annular groove 137 for electricallyconnecting the bared portions of the electrode leads 68 to the contactsockets 130, 131 by, for example, welding, according to first femaleconnector 71 but preferably crimping.

The third contact socket 132 is different from the first and secondcontact sockets 130, 131 and will be explained later. The insulatingmeans 133, 134, 135 and the contact sockets 130, 131 are preferablycompletely covered by an insulating cover 138, as shown in FIG. 17. Thiscover 138 has a tubular shape and insulates the outside surface of thecontact sockets 130, 131. Furthermore, the whole second female connector67 is preferably shielded by a shielding cover 139. The shielding cover139 is preferably crimped to the shielding of the electrode leads 68 atthe first end. Furthermore, the shielding cover 139 may be crimped tothe third contact socket 132 on the plug-in side (opened side) of thesecond female connector 67. Therefore, the two contact sockets 130, 131and the unshielded ends of the electrode leads 68 inside the shieldingcover 139, which are guided to the two contact sockets 130, 131, areshielded by the shielding cover 139. Furthermore, the remaining part ofthe third shielding contact socket 132 is covered by a furtherinsulating and sealing cover 140 on its outside surface. The cover 140is preferably adapted to seal the inside of the second female connector67 when the second male connector 66 has been inserted. Furthermore, thecrimped connection between the shielded electrode leads 68 and theshielding cover 139 is sealed such that body fluids are prevented fromentering into the female connector through the opening for the electrodeleads 68.

Therefore, when the second male connector 66 is inserted into the secondfemale connector 67, a shielded and sealed connection is ensured.Furthermore, the tapered end (see reference sign 125) of the insertedmale connector 66 may be sealed and glued to female connector 67 by amedical adhesive.

Accordingly, body fluid is preferably prevented from entering into thein-line connectors 66, 67, and the electric signals are transmitted viathe first and second male contact elements 120, 121 and contact sockets130, 131, and the shielding of the cables 65 is transmitted via thethird male contact element 122, the third contact socket 132 and theshielding cover 139 to the shielded cable 68.

According to the first embodiment, implanted electrodes 90 that arepassively and actively biocompatible are used. Passive biocompatibilityrefers to the tissue reaction to the composition, shape and mechanicalproperties of electrode materials. Active biocompatibility refers to theperformance of the device under operation. That means, the deliveredcurrent should not damage the tissue or cause chemical reactions thatform toxic components around the electrode. Electrodes position andsignals delivering should be kept constant under dynamical conditions ofmuscular movements in order to avoid tissue injuries. Accordingly, forexample, muscle-based electrodes and nerve-based electrodes, such asneedle electrodes, cuff electrodes, micro array electrodes, implantablemyoelectric sensors, sieve electrodes, etc, may be used to retrieve thesignals or information or to send stimulation pulses.

Assembling of the Percutaneous Gateway Including the Fixing SystemAccording to the First Embodiment

The assembling steps of the percutaneous gateway including the fixingsystem according to the first embodiment are explained in the following.At first the stump is incised and a hole for the fixture 10 a is drilledinto the bone 1. Furthermore, the fixture 10 a may be screwed/insertedin the hole of the bone 1 and the incision may be closed. After aboutsix months, the fixture 10 a has preferably healed into the bone 1(osseointegration).

Next, the incision may be re-opened again, i.e. the through-hole 11 ofthe fixture 10 a is re-opened. Afterwards, a drill may be inserted intothe through-hole 11 and fed through to the inner end 14 of the fixture10 a ending in the bone 1. Then, a through-hole 80 may drilled from theinner end 14 inside of the bone 1 to its surface. Accordingly, thethrough-hole 80 may be inclined relative to the central axis A of thefixture 10 a.

Afterwards, the second transmitting part 22 comprising the second maleconnectors 66, the shielded cables 65 and the sealing screw 50 with thefirst male connector 61 may be inserted into the fixture 10 a and thethrough-hole 80 of the bone 1. That means, each second male connector 66may be, for example, pulled through the first through-hole 11 of thefixture 10 a and afterwards through the through-hole 80 in the bone 1 bya thin wire which has been inserted before. Because the second maleconnectors 66 are preferably fixedly connected to the shielded cables 65and the sealing screw 50 with the first male connector 61, the shieldedcable 65 and the sealing screw 50 with the first male connector 61 areinserted into the fixture. Accordingly, the second male connectors 66are firstly fed through the fixture 10 a, and thereafter, through thethrough-hole 80 in the bone 1.It is preferred that the connectors 66 arepulled through, in series (one after another), because this allows themto pass the smallest diameter not at the same time.

Therefore, it may be necessary that the second male connector 66 has asmaller maximum outside diameter d16 than the minimum inside diameter d2of the through-hole 11, that is, the outside diameter d16 may be smallerthan the second female thread 13 of the fixture 10 a. Furthermore, alsothe sum of the diameters of the shielded cables 65 has to fit throughthe second female thread 13. Therefore, also the sum of the cablediameters may be smaller than the second female thread 13 of the fixture10 a.

Afterwards, the sealing screw 50 may be fixed in the fixture 10 a byscrewing the sealing screw 50 into second female thread 13. Accordingly,the through-hole 11 of the fixture 10 a is closed and sealed by thesealing screw 50, and therefore, the portion of the fixture 10 a,wherein the hexagonal fitting 33 and the first female thread 12 arelocated, are sealed from body fluids entering the fixture 10 a from theinner end 14.

Afterwards, the abutment 30 may be inserted into the hexagonal fitting18 of the fixture 10 a. The abutment 30 may be fixed in and tensioned tothe fixture 10 a by screwing-in the abutment screw 40. The connectionbetween the first transmitting part 21 in the abutment screw 40 and thesecond transmitting part 22 is achieved by inserting and screwing-in theabutment screw 40 because the first female connector 71 accommodates thefirst male connector 61 fixed in the sealing screw 50 and therebyconnects the corresponding male contact elements 110 with the firstcontact sockets 100. Accordingly, the percutaneous gateway including thefixing system according to the first embodiment is assembled.

Furthermore, the electrodes 90 which are connected to the electrodeleads 68 and the second female connectors 67 may be implanted into thesoft tissue 5 and connected to nerves and/or muscles. Afterwards, thesecond male connector 66 may be connected the second female connector67. That means, the second male connector 66 may be inserted into thesecond female connector 67 and sealed. Furthermore, the third connector72 in the abutment screw head 43 is connected to, for example, anamplifier or a control circuitry (not shown) provided on a roboticprosthesis. Accordingly, the control circuitry or amplifiers of therobotic prosthesis may be permanently connected to at least oneelectrode 90 implanted in the soft tissue 5 without the need for anextra percutaneous passage from the transmitting device 20.

Furthermore, the entire transmitting device comprising the first, secondand third transmitting parts is preferably shielded. In particular, theelectrode leads 68, the second in-line female connector 67, andtherefore, the second in-line male connector 66 are shielded.Furthermore, the cables 65 are shielded cables wherein the shielding isconnected to the sealing screw 50. Accordingly, preferably also thefixture 10 a is part of the shielding because the sealing screw 50 isconnected to the fixture 10 a. Therefore, also the abutment 30 and theabutment screw 40 are part of the shielding.

The design, structure and arrangement of the different connectors 61,66, 67, 71, 72 allow easy plug-in and ensure the insulation of thedifferent contacts from the body fluids. The respective cables are notexposed to high mechanical stress because the fixing system is rigidlyconnected to the bone 1. The distance from the electrodes 90 to thecontrol circuit or amplifier is approximately the direct way, andtherefore, the shortest distance there between.

All components and cables are preferably made from biocompatible,long-term implantable material, and therefore, they can remainpermanently implanted in the human body. Electromagnetic interference(EMI) may be avoided, because all connectors and cables are shielded bya corresponding shielding. Each electrode may easily be exchanged incase of an electrode failure, because the electrodes are preferablyindividually connected to the transmitting device 20 by the plug-inconnection.

Second Embodiment

The percutaneous gateway including the fixing system according to asecond embodiment is similar to the percutaneous gateway including thefixing system according to the first embodiment. Accordingly, only thedifferences from the first embodiment will be explained.

In the second embodiment, the side contacts 73 of the head connector 72of the abutment screw head 43 may replaced by a circular connector 72 a,as shown in FIG. 23. In the circular connector 72 a, pins or sockets 73a may arranged side by side inside the screw head 43 a and directed intothe longitudinal direction x. For an electrical connection to, forexample, an amplifier or control circuit, a cable with a correspondingplug or socket may be inserted and fixed in the circular connector 72 a.

A circular head connector 72 a, according to the second embodiment,allows a sealed and stable electrical connection. Furthermore, such acircular plug/socket 72 a is a known standard industrial product, andtherefore, has a low price.

Third Embodiment

The percutaneous gateway including the fixing system according to athird embodiment is similar to the percutaneous gateway including thefixing system according to the first embodiment. Accordingly, only thedifferences from the first embodiment will be explained.

In the third embodiment, the abutment screw 40 b may have a kind ofcircular in-line connector as shown in FIG. 18. That means, the abutmentscrew head connector 72 b (third connector) may be provided with anumber of contact rings 73 b arranged in parallel and around thecylindrical surface or side surfaces of the head 43 b of the abutmentscrew 40 b.

Additionally or alternatively, the internal first in-line femaleconnector 71 may be replaced by a first connector 71 b having acylindrical design similar to a standard head phones connector, as shownin FIGS. 18 a) and b). That means, the first connector 71 b may beconfigured by, for example, four cylindrical contact rings 100 c. Thefirst cylindrical contact ring 100 c may have the smallest diameter andprotrude furthermost outside the abutment screw 40 b. The secondcylindrical contact ring 100 c may have a larger diameter than the firstcylindrical contact ring 100 c and protrude not such far as the firstcylindrical contact ring 100 c. Accordingly, the third cylindricalcontact ring 100 c may have a larger diameter than the secondcylindrical contact ring 100 c and protrude less far as the secondcylindrical contact ring 100 c. Accordingly, the fourth cylindricalcontact ring 100 c may have the largest diameter and the shortestprotrusion.

The advantage of such a cylindrical design according to the secondembodiment is the low price because the elements are well-knownindustrial standard products which may be easily integrated into theabutment screw 40 b.

According to the plug design of the first connector 71 b, the sealingscrew 50 b may be adapted to this design. As shown in FIG. 20, thesealing screw 50 b may not comprise the in-line male connector 61 but akind of female socket adapted to the head phone plug design of theabutment screw 40 b explained above. Accordingly, different contactrings 112 b with different diameters and different protrusion heightsmay be arranged inside the head of the sealing screw 50 b. The contactring 112 b with the largest diameter may be the outermost contact ring.

However, the number of contact is limited regarding the diameter in thisembodiment.

Fourth Embodiment

The percutaneous gateway including the fixing system according to afourth embodiment is similar to the percutaneous gateway including thefixing system according to the first embodiment. Accordingly, only thedifferences from the first embodiment will be explained.

According to the fourth embodiment, the abutment screw 40 c, shown inFIGS. 19 a) and b), may comprise an inserted longitudinal feedthroughelement 49 c with a parallel connector 71 c having parallel contacts 100c on the inner end of the abutment screw 40 c. In FIGS. 19 a) and b),the assembled abutments screw 40 c with the inserted feedthrough element49 c is shown on the left side, respectively. In the middle portion ofFIGS. 19 a) and b), the removed feedthrough element 49 c is shown, andon the right side, the abutment screw 40 c without the feedthroughelement 49 c is shown.

The feedthrough element 49 c is adapted to be inserted in the abutmentscrew 40 c. The feedthrough element 49 c may comprise, as the headconnector 72 c, for example, contact sockets 73 c arranged side by side,as shown in FIG. 19 b). Furthermore, the feedthrough element 49 c maycomprise as a first connector 71 c contact pins 100 c arranged side byside, as shown in FIG. 19 a). The contact sockets 73 c and the contactpins 100 c are connected by, for example, corresponding cables (notshown) inside the feedthrough element 49 c.

Accordingly, the sealing screw 50 c may be adapted to the design of theabutment screw 40 c with the feedthrough element 49 c. Therefore, asshown in FIG. 21, the sealing screw 50 c comprises, for example, thecorresponding contact sockets 61 c.

When inserting the abutment screw 40 c comprising the feedthroughelement 49 c into the fixture, a resistance force may occur, because theabutment screw 40 c will twist against the feedthrough element 49 c whenthe feedthrough element 49 c is plugged into the corresponding contactsocket 61 c. Accordingly, as a further possibility (not shown), theoutside surface of the feedthrough element 49 c may comprise a malethread, and the inside surface of the abutment screw 40 c may comprise afemale thread. Therefore, at first the feedthrough element 49 c isinserted and plugged into the connector (contact sockets 61 c) of thesealing screw 50 c. Afterwards, the abutment screw 40 c may be screwedinto the first female thread 12 of the fixture 10 a. Thereby, theabutment screw 40 c may also be screwed on the male thread of thefeedthrough element 49 c. Accordingly, the resistance force may bereduced.

Further Embodiments

As another further possibility also the in-line connectors 66, 67 may bereplaced by several one way in-line connectors 66 d, 67 d as shown inFIG. 22. The female connector 67 d may comprise a spring 150 connectedto electrode lead 68 d and a silicon cuff 151. The spring 150 assureselectrical contact at the same time that it prevents displacements andallows flexibility. The spring 150 is built in the insulation cuff 151and its inside diameter should be slightly smaller or equal to thediameter of the male pin 66 d. Accordingly, the spring 150 opensslightly with the entrance of the male pin 66 d causing enough force toassure electrical contact and retention. Sutures may be done at the endto assure insulation.

Furthermore, the through-hole 11 in the fixture may not extend parallelto the longitudinal axis A of the fixture 10 a. That means, thethrough-hole may end in an intermediate portion (second section) of thefixture in a side wall into to the bone 1. Accordingly, the through-hole80 in the bone 1 may be orthogonal to the fixture axis. Accordingly,drilling the through-hole 80 into the bone 1 may be simplified becausethe through-hole 80 in the bone 1 may drilled from outside of the bone1.

Furthermore, the above disclosed modifications may be combined indifferent ways.

Materials

For ensuring the ability for a long-term implantation, the shieldedcable may additionally covered by a tube made of a long-termbiocompatible material. The unshielded cables 75 may have the samematerial but the shielding is removed.

In particular, the cables 65 may be of stranded wire having improvedflexibility. The insulating material is preferably made of long-termimplantable material.

The adhesive could be also used as a sealing agent between therespective contacts, insulations and covering tubes, etc.

The insulating means (body fluids and so on) may be made of PEEK orlong-term implantable Silicon.

Modifications

Dimensions may be varied in different ways according to the bone size.Furthermore, also the male and female connectors 71, 72, 73, 61, 66, 67may be interchanged, e.g. the first female connector 71 may be a maleconnector, and the first male connector 61 may be a female connector,for example.

The contact sockets may replaced by standard sockets having no wiresleeve inside. Instead, the male contact element may have a springportion contacting the inner surface of the contact socket.

The male connector 61, 66 may not comprises the circularly arrangedgrooves or channels for guiding the respective transmitting cables, andtherefore, each male contact element 110, 130, 131 may not comprise thecentral crimping contact 113. Instead, the male connector may compriseonly one central through-hole 111, and each cable 65 may crimped to ametal element which is welded to the respective male contact element110, 130, 131 afterwards.

The cables are not limited to be separate cables, but also an integralmulti-core cable may be used.

The design of the different elements may be adapted to different boneshapes. That means, the fixture may be adapted to a very flat bone.Accordingly, the length of the fixture will be smaller than thediameter. Furthermore, the sealing screw may not a screw but a plugwhich is inserted and fixed by an adhesive etc.

Furthermore, the fixing system and fixture are not limited to be used inrobotic prosthesis. Also conventional bone anchored prosthesis may makeuse of the fixing system.

The through-hole 70 inside the bone may also drilled from outside thebone to the inner end of the fixture.

The abutment fixing device 40 (abutment screw) may be counter-sunk inthe abutment. That means, the head of the abutment screw may be insertedin a recess formed inside the abutment head (terminal) 32 such that thehead 43 of the abutment screw 40 may not project from the abutment 30.

The fixture may comprise more than one straight through-hole. Thatmeans, several parallel through-holes may be provide or one or morebranched through-holes are provided. Furthermore, the through-hole mayexit the fixture inclined to the longitudinal axis into the bone.

The sealing device may be formed only by, for example, feedthroughcontacts. That means, a sealing screw is omitted and replaced by anembedded transmitting device in the implant, i.e. the fixture.

The abutment fixing device may be replaced by, for example, embedding orscrewing the abutment into the fixture.

Different devices (electric circuits, amplifiers, etc) may be housed inthe percutaneous gateway.

The surgery steps may be interchanged, in particular, the transmittingdevice and electrodes may be inserted together with the fixture.

Instead of using wires for the different transmitting parts, the cables75, 65, 68 may be replaced by any other signal transmitting devices as,for example, a fiber optic cable.

It is explicitly stated that all features disclosed in the descriptionand/or the claims are intended to be disclosed separately andindependently from each other for the purpose of original disclosure aswell as for the purpose of restricting the claimed invention independentof the composition of the features in the embodiments and/or the claims.It is explicitly stated that all value ranges or indications of groupsof entities disclose every possible intermediate value or intermediateentity for the purpose of original disclosure as well as for the purposeof restricting the claimed invention, in particular as limits of valueranges.

The invention shall not be considered limited to the embodimentsillustrated, but can be modified, combined and altered in many ways byone skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the appendedclaims.

1-19. (canceled)
 20. A percutaneous gateway for transmission betweeninside of a body and an outside of the body, comprising: an implantadapted to be at least partly anchored in a bone, the implant having atransmitting means with an inside bone end inside the bone in order toreach an implantable component, and at least one an outer body endoutside the body in order to reach an outside the body device, thetransmitting means allowing a transmitting device adapted to extendthrough the bone and the inside bone end to the outer body end of theimplant through the implant and transmit, wherein the transmittingdevice having a sealing device capable of allowing transmission throughthe sealing device; the sealing device is adapted to be inserted in theimplant; and the sealing device is adapted to seal an outside of thesealing device and an inside of the sealing device to the signaltransmitting device such that at least body fluids, bacteria, andviruses are prevented from passing the sealing device.
 21. Thepercutaneous gateway according to claim 20 wherein the gateway can beused to transmit from and to the implantable component, the implantablecomponent being adapted to communicate to the outside the body device,the transmission means being selected from the group comprising a seriesof mechanical, electrical, optical and magnetic links suitable for theformation of the a transmission device, the transmission means beingpassive or active such that the transmission means allows transmission,amplification, and processing of electrical, mechanical, optical andmagnetic signals, as well as transmission of fluids, solids and gases.22. The percutaneous gateway according to claims 20, wherein the implantincludes: a fixture adapted to be at least partly anchored in the bone,the fixture having a through-hole, the through-hole having at least oneinner end opening into the bone and at least one outer end in adirection to the outer end of the implant through-hole; wherein thetransmitting device is adapted to extend from the inner end to the outerend of the through-hole and to transmit signals; and wherein the fixtureallows the coupling of a percutaneous component with embedded connectionmeans for continued transmission from the fixture outer end to outsidethe body.
 23. The percutaneous gateway according to claim 22, wherein:the sealing device is adapted to be inserted in the through-hole of thefixture and comprises a feedthrough connector; the sealing device isadapted to seal the outside of the sealing device to the through-holeand the inside of the sealing device to the signal transmitting devicesuch that at least body fluids, bacteria, and viruses are prevented frompassing the sealing device when the sealing device is inserted in thethrough-hole.
 24. (canceled)
 25. The percutaneous gateway according toclaim 22 further comprising: an abutment fixing device comprising anembedded feedthrough connector; and an abutment; and wherein: thefixture comprises a first fixing section and a second fixing section inthe fixture through-hole; the sealing device is adapted to be fixed inthe second fixing section; the abutment fixing device is adapted to befixed in the first fixing section; and the fixture, the abutment, theabutment fixing device and the sealing device are arranged on a commonaxis in the longitudinal direction.
 26. The percutaneous gatewayaccording to claim 25, wherein the signal transmitting device comprises:a first signal transmitting part having a first connector on one end;and a second signal transmitting part having a second connector on oneend, the second connector being adapted to be connected to the firstconnector; wherein: the first signal transmitting part is adapted to beembedded in the abutment fixing device; and the second signaltransmitting part is adapted to feedthrough the sealing device, throughthe through-hole to the bone, and is adapted to communicate through ahole in the bone from the inner end of the through-hole inside the boneto outside the bone and inside a soft tissue of the limb.
 27. Thepercutaneous gateway according to claim 26, wherein: the first signaltransmitting part comprises a third connector at the other end of thefirst signal transmitting part; and the second signal transmitting partcomprises a fourth connector at the other end of the second signaltransmitting part; wherein: the third connector is adapted to beconnected to the outside the body device; and the fourth connector isadapted to be connected to the implantable component.
 28. Thepercutaneous gateway according to claim 22, wherein: the first connectoris a longitudinal in-line female connector having contact sockets andfemale insulating means alternately arranged and embedded in theabutment fixing device, and the second connector is a longitudinal maleconnector having contact elements and insulating elements adapted toprotrude into the first connector, wherein a signal transmission betweenthe first and second connectors is provided by the respective contactsockets and contact elements inserted therein.
 29. The percutaneousgateway according to claim 25, wherein the first, second, third, andfourth connectors are connected by a parallel or an in-line connection.30-38. (canceled)
 39. The percutaneous gateway according to claim 20,wherein the outside the body device comprises at least one of a roboticprosthesis, an artificial limb, a stimulator, and a power source. 40.The percutaneous gateway according to claim 20, wherein the sealingdevice is removable from the implant.
 41. The percutaneous gatewayaccording to claim 20, wherein the sealing device is permanentlyembedded in the implant.
 42. The percutaneous gateway according to claim21, wherein the implantable component comprises at least one of anelectrode, a bio-sensor, a drug delivery system, and an electronicdevice.
 43. The percutaneous gateway according to claim 21, wherein theelectronic device includes a connection to another component.
 43. Thepercutaneous gateway according to claim 21, wherein the outside the bodydevice comprises at least one of a robotic prosthesis, an artificiallimb, a stimulator, a recorder, and a power source.
 44. The percutaneousgateway according to claim 23, wherein the sealing device is permanentlyembedded in the fixture and divides the through-hole.